US and Israeli strikes severely set back Iran’s enrichment capabilities, but Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile poses a long-term threat. The United States dropped twelve 30,000lb GBU-57 bunker buster bombs on Fordow, directly targeted points above the centrifuge cascade hall, and likely destroyed all six IR-1 and seven IR-6 cascades that …

E_127_25Download Prior to the ceasefire between Iran and Israel, which was announced on June 24, 2025, seniorofficials in the Iranian administration and the security-military leadership continued tothreaten harsh responses to Israel’s ongoing attacks on Iran and the American attack on threenuclear facilities in Iran. The officials called the attacks a …

The focal questions about war In dealing with both theoretical and practical points of view about war, at least six fundamental questions arise: 1) What is war?; 2) What types of war exist?; 3) Why do wars occur?; 4) What is the connection between war and justice?; 5) The question …