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A Ghost Plant: How Georgia Helps Putin Evade Oil Sanctions

In January 2026, Georgia exported $56 million worth of allegedly domestic petroleum products—a 3,300% increase compared to the previous year. Petroleum products were the second-largest export. The unprecedented trade success is attributed to the opening of a new refinery in Kulevi, which received its first oil tanker in October 2025. …

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The Economic Fallout of the War with Iran

Disrupted energy markets due to continued hostilities are the most immediate economic challenge, with global reverberations, as the Strait of Hormuz is essentially unnavigable and crude oil prices continue to rise. Europe is highly dependent on energy imports from the Gulf after weaning itself off Russian energy after the full-scale …

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